21^st World Nanotechnology Congress October 15-17, 2018 Dubai, UAE

Omar Chaalal, PhD from New Castel upon Tyne England and M.S. Eng. from Stevens Institute of technology NJ USA, is an Associate Professor of Chemical Engineering at Abu Dhabi University ADU in the United Arab Emirates. Chaalal is an internationally renowned expert in the separation technologies. He is the inventor of the EnPro Process that deals with the sequestration of carbon dioxide and global warming reduction. He was the Chief Scientist of Enpro As, Norway. He has received a number of honorary degrees, recently August 2017, he has been honored with prestigious IAAM Scientist Medal of the year 2017 for notable and outstanding research in the advanced Material Science & Technology during the award ceremony held in Stockholm August 23rd, 2017. He has authored 60 refereed publications,3 European patents and over 300 presentations.

Satisfying worldwide energy demand in the 21st century is the most challenging problematic. New kinds of energy sources along with the new technological breakthroughs to maintain enough oil and gas supply are intensely needed to meet the incredible rise in world’s energy demand. Recent dramatic fall in oil prices has accentuated the problem. Now, the challenge is to fill out the increasing gap between energy demand and supply with more cost effective techniques. Recently, Abu Dhabi University has filed a patent application (US–Patent Application No 15/342,664) reporting the invention of Dr. Omar Chaalal that fulfi lls practically all criteria discussed above. In this paper, a “green substitute” to chemical flooding is proposed. Th e new technology proposed uses two types of plant extracts that increases the total oil recovery to 96% of initial

oil in place (IOIP) during the tertiary recovery mode. While water flood recovered around 50% of the IOIP, 0.5% wt of the natural plant extract recovered 77% in the secondary recovery mode. The additives were extracted from two plants available in the United Arab Emirates (Product A and Product B). Th ese natural extracts proved to be very eff ective in formations containing water with a salinity range of 70,000 to 180,000 ppm with temperature going up to 100^o C.

Richard E Palmer is a Senior Research Fellow in the College of Engineering, Swansea University and Professor at Nanjing University’s School of Physics. His research is focused on nanomaterials, including scale-up and atomic structure/dynamics. He has received awards which include the IOP Boys Medal, an Honorary Doctorate from Hasselt University, the BVC Yarwood Medal and an EPSRC Senior Fellowship. He is a Fellow of the IOP, RSC and LSW. He has published ~400 papers and about 20 families of patent applications. He is Editor-in-Chief of Advances in Physics: X and Editor of the Elsevier Book Series ‘Frontiers of Nanoscience’.

If we imagine a factory of the future in which nanoparticle beams are integrated into the production of advanced materials or devices, then a set of critical research challenges emerge for Cluster Beam Deposition (CBD). These include control of nanoparticle composition, size, quantity (scale-up), interaction with the support, response to the environment and performance validation. Th e prize is a set of applications ranging from water treatment and theranostics to catalysis and memristors. The cluster beam approach is green; it involves no solvents and no effluents; particles can be size-selected and challenging combinations of metals (nanoalloys) can readily be produced. Here we discuss four of these research challenges: Environment (temperature), scale-up, formulation engineering and Validation :(1) Environment: aberration-corrected Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM) is used to investigate the behavior of deposited clusters at elevated temperatures, including structural transformations and (core and surface) melting. (2) Scale-up: Industrial catalysis R&D typically requires a gram of catalyst or 10 mg of clusters at 1% loading on a suitable catalyst support. Th e Matrix Assembly Cluster Source (MACS) is based on ion beam sputtering of a rare gas matrix into which metal atoms are pre-loaded. A scaleup of five orders of magnitude in cluster intensity has been achieved to date. (3) Formulation Engineering: We will discuss

several means by which size-controlled clusters may be presented in a form matching the desired functional application, e.g., catalysis and theranostics. Th ese examples of formulation engineering on the nanoscale include direct deposition of metal cluster beams onto powders. (4) Validation: Finally will illustrate the validation challenge to show that cluster-based functional materials are superior to more traditional advanced materials. We will focus on the hydrogenation (both gas and liquid phases) of organic molecules over or applications in the fine chemicals sector and on water splitting.