21^st World Nanotechnology Congress October 15-17, 2018 Dubai, UAE

Nanoscience and technology is the branch of science that deals with atomic, molecular and supramolecular scales.  Nano Science is a technology conducted at the Nano scale. It is the applications and study related to extremely small things that can be used around all the other fields of science, like chemistry, biology, physics, engineering and Materials sciences. These particles have the ability to control individual atoms and molecules. Nanotechnology has a huge potential to provide technological solutions to many problems in science, energy, physics, environment al and medical fields. By with the help of Nanotechnology they can able to produce the ceramic, polymers, crystals. Nanoscience is deals on the fact that properties of materials always as a change in the function of the physical dimensions of the material.

Molecular nanotechnology is the technique to manufacture objects to precise atomic specifications. Molecular nanotechnologies are used for engineering the mechanical or functional machines at molecular scale having atom by atom arrangement and are also called as molecular machines. Molecular nanotechnology works in a principle that any structure that can be specified and that does not violate the physical law can be built. Molecular nanotechnology has the great impact on the different sectors of work. Molecular nanotechnology encompasses a wide range of applications in the field of chemistry, medicine, electronics, and research. The concept of mechanosynthesis is the result of molecular nanotechnology, which is of great importance in the field of electronics.

Nanoparticles are between 1 ans100 nanometers (nm) in size around interfacial layer. This layer consists of ions, inorganic and organic molecules. Particles are even most classified into diameter. Fine particles are between 100 and 2500 nm and coarse particles are 2500 and 10000nm. Nanoparticles had a great scientific interest on bridge between bulk materials, atomic or molecular. It has optical properties which lead to electrons and produce quantum effects. Janus particles are half hydrophobic and half hydrophilic which is used to stabilize emulsions. Scientific research on nanoparticles which have many potential applications in medicine, physics, optics and electronics. The use of Nanoparticles in laser dye-doped was used to improve conversing efficiencies and decrease laser beam divergence. Some of the Nanoparticles which are been used in various fields like carbon nanotubes, cerium oxide, titanium dioxide, Nano silver, iron.

Nanomaterial size is around 1-100 nm. It has some properties which are identified size, shape, surface properties and science. The applications are healthcare to electronics, optoelectronics, renewable energy technology, environmental restorations and remediation’s. It has large physically and artificially heterogeneous and ultra-fine particles. Specific properties are related to shape, measure, surface properties and science. These are reflected to concentrates, colloids or powders. It is emerging in the field of medicine, electronics, and agriculture.

Tissue engineering is defined by repair, replace cells. Nanofabrication techniques has tissue engineering which evolves fabrication of biometric scaffold, improved extracellular micro environment, more accuracy on positioning and viability, complexity, interaction of cells, tissues/organs. Tissue engineering is used easily through nanotechnology using nanophase and used for many purposes. Through micro and nanotechnology are stem cells, neural cells, cartilage cells, bone cells, vascular cells, and hepatic cells.

Drug delivery defines as the way to take medicine from the different route of administration present in a human body as well as animal. When the drug is entered into human or animal body starts to show some therapeutic effect, which heals our body, suffer from specific disease or ill. Drug will start pass from pharmacokinetics system which contain adsorption, metabolism, distribution and excretion and then  goes into the circulatory system, where the specific drug reach to specific receptors and bind with the receptors, which start heal to body. Drug delivery has done from different route, e.g.; oral route, intravenous route, intramuscular route, transdermal patches, intraocular route, intra-peritoneal, suppositories, etc.

Pharmacy is the branch of science in which we deals with the production and dispensing of medicine. It is the health profession which directly link with the medical science as well as chemical science. The drug has some therapeutic effect which shows positive effect on the administered body. The pharmacist is the specialized person whose has completed his graduation in the pharmacy and has a valid registration from the government body (Pharmacy Council of India). It is the pharmacist duty to ensure the safety and effective uses of particular drug, all drugs are manufactured in the pharmaceutical industry there are many measurements according to the standard operating procedure (SOP). The pharmaceutical industries are also having a registration from Pharmacy Council of India and also from the United State Food and Drug Administration (USFDA). Pharmaceutical industries make different types of products like tablets, syrups, capsules, gel, ointments, creams, etc. These all products are manufacture according to the some standard books like Indian Pharmacopoeia (I.P), united State Pharmacopoeia (USP), British Pharmacopoeia (BP), etc. those standard books have standards to manufacture a drug according to all ages, sex, etc.

Healthcare is anxious with the maintenance of the health of the body or mind through diagnosis, treatment and prevention of disease or illness or injury. Nanotechnology is highly critical behind the innovation, therapeutics biosensors and imaging technologies. Nanotechnology ("nanotech") is the tactic of subatomic, and supra molecular scale. Nanotechnology has huge potential to improve the healthcare industry Nanotechnology need four elements: Molecular imaging at the cellular level; effective molecular targeting after identifying specific surface; a technique to kill the cells, and a post molecular imaging technique. Diagnosing a disease is a great challenge in modern medicine, which is enhanced by imaging techniques through sensors. Two main applications is carbon nanotube chip and nanosilicon.

Biomaterials from healthcare viewpoint can be defined as materials those possess some novel properties that make them appropriate to come in immediate association with the living tissue without eliciting any adverse immune rejection reactions. Biomaterials are in the service of mankind through ancient times but subsequent evolution has made them more versatile and has increased their usage.

Computational nanotechnology is concerned with the development and use of computer-based models for understanding, analysing and predicting the behaviour or properties of systems relevant to nanotechnology. The role of computational nanomechanics has become critically important in the growth and development of nanotechnology, because the length and time scales of important nanoscale systems and phenomenon have shrunk to the level, where they can be directly addressed, with high-fidelity computer simulations and theoretical modeling. Computational nanotechnology is emerging as a fundamental engineering analysis tool for the novel designs of nanodevices.

Nanomaterials and devices play a major role in the field of pharmaceutical nanotechnology. The latest advancements are Health: Drug Delivery; Agriculture: Crop Protection and Livestock Productivity; Water Treatment: Safe Purification; Diseases: Early Detection; Energy Storage: Solar Power. The properties of the bulk material due to the largest surface area to volume that increase the solubility and rate of absorption. Using Nanodevices we can build artificial limbs and restore vision. The areas which are covered in pharmaceutical industry are biosensors,   nanorobts, liposomes, quantum dots, polymeric nanoparticles.

The environmental impact of nanotechnology is the possible effects of the uses of nanotechnological Products and devices on the environment and can be categorized into two aspects: the potential for nanotechnological innovations to help improve the environment and the possibly novel type of pollution that nanotechnological materials might cause if released into the environment. Nanotoxicology is the field which studies potential health risks of nanomaterials. The extremely small size of nanomaterials is much more readily taken up by the human body than larger sized particles. On the other hand Nanotechnological products, processes and applications are expected to contribute significantly to environmental and climate protection by saving raw materials, energy and water as well as by reducing greenhouse gases and hazardous wastes. Green nanotechnology uses existing principles of green chemistry and green engineering to make nanomaterials and Nano products without toxic ingredients. Using nanomaterials, therefore, promises certain environmental benefits and sustainability effects.

It is one of the most recently emerged subjects of science and refers to an interaction between nanotechnology and biology which has a classical micro-technology which is merged in biological approach. It has been implemented in new devices which are useful in the field of medicine, electronics, biomaterials and energy production. Other topics which is related to nanobiology is nanophotonics which is been used to operate the processes in Living cells. Applications of Nanobiotechnology are Nanomedicine, Agriculture, and bionanotechnology. This flied has a variety of researches in computational approaches, x-ray diffraction tools, experimental tools.  The study of toxicity of Nanomaterial is Nanotoxicology. Nanotoxicology has the more risk factor to human beings and also to the environment. These are Nanoparticles which will be fine; pore size easily goes through dermal, gastrointestinal, and respiratory. These causes oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokine production and cell death in human beings. The mechanisms of toxicity are oxidative stress, cytotoxicity, genotoxicity.

Materials science and engineering, is a discipline which deals with the discovery and design of new substances. Nanomaterials play a major role in Material science. Carbon nanotubes are used by scientists in Worldwide. The strength, small proportions, physical properties of these arrangements is very unique. Various sizes of isomers are done in computational methods. Isolated pentagon rule is theorized in chemistry. New ideas and collective research is carried out in Nanophotonics. The viewpoints of Material sciences which covers the areas like metal, ceramics, glasses, polymers, electrical materials, biomedical materials. Scientists have a primary communications which is the important source for examining the structure and properties of all manufacturing materials. Advanced Materials has many technological developments to touch our lives. Some of the applications are optical fibers, laser fiber sensors for intelligent environment, electronic materials for communication and information technology, energy materials for renewable energy and environment, light alloys for better transportation.