22^nd World Nanotechnology Congress October 17-18, 2019 Abu Dhabi, UAE

Providing clean and cheap drink is one amongst the modern-times challenges. The world’s growing population causes water scarceness, and pollutants contaminate no matter water sources square measure left. Nanoengineering has provided innovative solutions for water purification. Nanotechnology-enabled water-treatment processes, showing however they rework our water system and waste treatment. The applications of nanotechnology are used for completely different nanomaterial, properties, mechanisms, limitations and toxicities of nanomaterials.

Materials processing and Manufacturing focuses on developing the material science and materials which process primarily for engineering and technology. Materials scientists are proficient at emerging cost-effective methods to amalgamate process and fabricate radical materials which can meet the hassles of quickly varying commercial marketplace. Scientists from Ohio State’s Department of Materials Science and Engineering are dedicated to this assignment through a wide range of programs. Some of them are Semiconductor process modelling, Phase transformation, Fabrication and testing of advanced micro composite materials, High-temperature intermetallic materials, modelling of the chemical vapour deposition process.

Materials science and Nanoengineering, is a discipline which deals with the discovery and design of new substances. A nanomaterial plays a major role in Material science. Carbon nanotubes are used by scientists in Worldwide.  The unique properties are strength, physical properties and small proportions. Different sizes of isomers are done in computational strategies. New thoughts and collective research is carried out in Nanophotonics. The perspectives of Material sciences which cover the regions like metal, glasses, polymers, electrical materials, biomedical materials. Propelled Materials has numerous mechanical advancements to develop new lives. A portion of the applications are optical strands, laser fibre sensors for astute condition, electronic materials for correspondence and data innovation, vitality materials for sustainable power source and condition, light composites for better transportation.

Graphene is an allotrope form of carbon which comprises a layer of carbon atoms set in a hexagonal lattice.  Graphene is the simplest structural element of several different allotropes of carbon, such as graphite, carbon nanotubes, charcoal and fullerenes. Graphene and its band structure & Dirac cones, influence a grid on doping. Graphene is a versatile platform for nanotheranostics and tissue engineering which can be deliberated as an indeterminately huge aromatic molecule. Graphene is the toughest material are verified which only conducts heat and electricity proficiently and are transparent. Graphene demonstrate a large and nonlinear diamagnetism, which is more than that of graphite, and can be ascended by neodymium magnets. Spintronics also plays a major part in innovative technologies that have advent quantum behaviour for computing. 

Computational Material Sciences aims to inflate the communication between tentative materials investigation and computational effort on both surviving and fresh progressive materials. It circulates articles of interest to physicists, chemists and materials researchers and engineers and to other scientists tangled by means of computational modelling and materials phenomena. Computational methods already plays a major role in several materials analyses and will individually become more persistent as computer control progresses in the decades ahead.  The development and application of methods are engaged with atomic and electronic structure of materials. Computational Materials Science also holds novel enlargements in statistics and machine knowledge to understand composite simulations and accelerate the scheme of materials. Current presentations are including materials for electronic applications, nano-electromechanics and energy. Computational sciences includes computational equipment’s for reconcile materials.

In future space missions, Nanotechnology will play a major role. Nanosensors, intensely upgraded a great performance materials or extremely proficient propulsions systems, examples are space elevator, protecting satellites from energy weapons, propulsion systems, radiating shielding, anti-satellite weapon counter measure, space instrumentation. The higher choice for elevator’s cable are carbon nanotubes, consequently nanotechnology which  is capable to produce carbon-based material that is light in weight yet tough sufficient to resist the forces it would face in space.  A progression in nanomaterials makes the lightweight solar sails and a cable for the space elevator probable. By significantly dropping the quantity of rocket fuel required, these advances could inferior the cost of reaching orbit and drift in space. Furthermore, new materials joined with nanosensors and nanorobots for improving the enactment of spaceships, spacesuits and the equipment used to discover planets and moons, making nanotechnology an imperative part of the ‘final frontier’.

Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology compress with developing forthcoming technologies for improving personalized resolutions for drug delivery systems. Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology encompasses applications of nanoscience to pharmacy as nanomaterials, and as campaigns like imaging, diagnostic, drug delivery and biosensors. The drug delivery system influences the rate of absorption, metabolism and distribution, excretion of the drug or other related chemical substances in the body. In accumulation to this the drug delivery system also allows the drug to bind to target receptor. Pharmaceutical sciences are using nanoparticles to reduce toxicity and side effects of drugs and risks to the patient.  Pharmaceuticals have been associated with different types of dendrimers which are large complex molecules to fight against cancer. Drug delivery and related pharmaceutical enlarged in the context of nanomedicine which comprises the least two components, one of which is a pharmaceutically active ingredient.

Quantum dots  are minor particles or nanocrystals which has the semiconducting substances with diameter ranging from 2-10 nanometers. The foremost mechanisms of interaction between quantum dots (QDs) are of various types which are of organic molecules within the framework of the use of photo-physical properties of colloidal semiconductor nanoparticles for recognizing organic and biochemical compounds. The result of this is fluorescence, in which the nanocrystals can produce variety of colours determined by the size of the particles. The distinct, quantized energy levels of quantum dots connect them meticulously to particles than bulk materials and resulted in quantum dots being named 'artificial atoms'.  Furthermore, because of the high level of control probable over the size of the nanocrystals formed, quantum dots can be altered during manufacturing to emit any colour of light. 

The environmental impact of nanotechnology is the possible ways to use the  nanotechnological Products and devices on the environment and can be categorized into two aspects: the potential for nanotechnological innovations to help and  improve the environment and the possibly novel type of pollution that nanotechnological materials might cause if released into the environment. Nanotoxicology is the field which studies about potential health risks of nanomaterials. The extremely small size of nanomaterials is taken up by the human body than larger sized particles. On the other hand Nanotechnological products, processes and applications are contributing significantly to environmental and climate protection. Green nanotechnology use green chemistry and green engineering to make nanomaterials and Nano products.

Nanomaterial size is around 1-100 nm. It has few properties which are identified size, shape, surface properties and science. The applications are used in the fields: healthcare to electronics, optoelectronics, renewable energy technology, environmental restorations and remediation’s. It has huge amount of physically and artificially heterogeneous and ultra-fine particles. The some specific properties are related to shape, measure, surface properties and science. These are reflected to concentrates, colloids or powders. It is emerging in the branch of medicine, electronics, and agriculture.

The word “biosensor" is also called as "natural sensor." A biosensor is a gadget which changes over an organic reaction into an electrical flag. The investigative gadget is comprised of a transducer and an organic component that might be a chemical, or an immune response or a nucleic corrosive. The biocomponent collaborates with the analyte and the natural reaction is changed into an electrical flag by the transducer. Electrochemical biosensors are typically in view of enzymatic catalysis of a response which produces or expends electrons. Amperometric biosensors are independent coordinated gadgets in view of the estimation of the current because of the oxidation.

Nanotoxicology is study of the nature and mechanism of toxic effects of nanoparticles on living organisms and other biological systems. It also deals with the quantitative assessment of the severity and occurrence of nanotoxic effects relative to the exposure of the organisms. Human exposure routes are mainly mediated through inhalation, dermal, oral intake or by injection. The small particle size and the shape of nanomaterial allows to uptake into blood and lymph circulation and circulation to tissues in the body that normally are protected by barriers, such as the brain by penetration of the blood-brain-barrier (BBB).

Tissue engineering is defined as to repair, replace cells. Nanofabrication techniques used in tissue engineering which evolves fabrication of biometric scaffold and also to improve the extracellular micro environment, more accuracy on positioning and viability, complexity, interaction of cells, tissues/organs. Tissue engineering is used easily by nanotechnology and nanophase. Stem cells, neural cells, cartilage cells, bone cells, vascular cells, and hepatic cells are used through micro and Nanotechnology.

The field of Nanotechnology is used in current research and development in all technical disciplines. This obviously includes Polymer Nanotechnology which includes microelectronics. Other areas which include polymer-based biomaterials, Nano medicine, Nano emulsion particles; fuel cell electrode polymer bound catalysts, layer-by-layer self-assembled polymer films, electrospun nanofabrication, imprint lithography, polymer blends and Nano composites. Phase separated polymer blends often used to achieve Nano scale phase dimensions; block copolymer domain morphology is usually at the Nano scale level; asymmetric membranes often have Nano scale void structure, mini emulsion particles. In the large field of Nanotechnology, polymer matrix based Nano composites have a prominent area of current research and development. Researchers are mainly focussed in polymers and nanotechnology by making efforts to design materials at a molecular level.  With this broad focus, research always ranges from fundamental scientific investigations of the interactions, properties and assembly of such molecular constituents.